Intro

This project investigates racial disparities in police arrests in Oregon utilizing open source data. The source code and data for this project is hosted at Github

Data

The two data sources used are the “Uniform Crime Reporting” Offenses data and the Oregon 2020 Census data from Portland University.

Crime Data

The crime reporting data set is accessible directly from

https://www.oregon.gov/osp/Pages/Uniform-Crime-Reporting-Data.aspx

Population Data

The Oregon census data can be found at the website

https://www.pdx.edu/population-research/census-data-oregon

Methodology

First arrest data is loaded with OpenData-Arrests.r which reads in the corresponding data source data/OpenData-Arrests.r. The arrests are then grouped by police agency and race.

Next, census data is loaded using City_data_2020.r which reads data/City_data_2020.xlsx.

Then using Arrests_and_Census.r and the table data/agencies_cities_map_cities_only.csv the names of police departments are joined to the city names in City_data_2020. Only cities with corresponding police departments are kept.

Then using the race demographics in the census data, the percentage of each race population is calculated for each city. Then the percentage of each police department’s arrests are for each race. Then the percentage of arrests for each race is subtracted by the corresponding race population percentage for each police department/city.

Results

city black_diff latino_diff native_diff pacific_diff asian_diff other_diff
Portland city 0.1775479 -0.0081562 0.0096021 0.0019667 -0.0574304 0.0022551
Gresham city 0.1559631 -0.0181710 0.0049981 0.0003788 -0.0354360 0.0109272
Tigard city 0.0979545 -0.0519784 0.0089440 0.0057124 -0.0634898 0.0500510
Beaverton city 0.0890202 0.0289533 0.0040674 0.0021812 -0.1029544 0.0267245
Durham city 0.0857441 -0.0210637 0.0017665 -0.0172110 -0.0191598 0.0106359
Tualatin city 0.0633784 -0.0070094 0.0050006 0.0346845 -0.0238777 0.0468155

Result Visualiazion

Map plots of each racial bias

Black arrest bias map.

Correlation Analysis

We want to inspect potential correlations between racial population density and arrest biases. First we will inspect the data to see what type of correlations we may want to perform.

From the QQ plots we see most of the data series are not normally distributed. See Appendix A3 for all the plots. So we will perform a Spearman’s correlation since the data does not meet the assumptions of the Pearson’s correlation test.

Spearman Correlation matrix

Closer inspection of data fields with statistically significant correlation values.

## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'

Sources

Oregon Crime Data

“Oregon State Police: Uniform Crime Reporting”

https://www.oregon.gov/osp/Pages/Uniform-Crime-Reporting-Data.aspx

Oregon Census Data

“Census Data for Oregon” Population Research Center

https://www.pdx.edu/population-research/census-data-oregon 

Direct link for data set:

https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1JrrmYiQUBPux8nnJ88epAAk9U5rbRDBD

Oregon Spatial Data Library

“Oregon Counties - 2015”

https://spatialdata.oregonexplorer.info/geoportal/details;id=361c06fee9de4e24a72e280fb386a771

Appendi A1 Result Table

city black_diff latino_diff native_diff pacific_diff asian_diff other_diff white_diff
Albany city 0.0219080 -0.0479248 -0.0057834 -0.0023034 -0.0104086 0.0046077 0.0938700
Ashland city 0.0272064 -0.0468150 -0.0035888 0.0004215 -0.0152863 0.0034937 0.0900060
Astoria city 0.0236614 -0.0181890 -0.0074060 -0.0005554 -0.0105394 0.0163879 0.0523206
Beaverton city 0.0890202 0.0289533 0.0040674 0.0021812 -0.1029544 0.0267245 0.0108383
Canby city 0.0363275 -0.0171796 -0.0045363 0.0003424 -0.0120996 0.0297832 0.0133592
Central Point city 0.0218978 -0.0634285 -0.0047254 -0.0007728 -0.0072944 0.0144257 0.0924388
Coos Bay city 0.0104328 -0.0466396 -0.0038633 -0.0008332 -0.0152193 0.0014391 0.1169996
Cornelius city 0.0359101 -0.1252862 0.0020102 0.0002792 -0.0150479 0.0114812 0.1262702
Corvallis city 0.0427724 -0.0200813 0.0024083 -0.0014403 -0.0882549 0.0120713 0.1096036
Dallas city 0.0232704 -0.0051216 -0.0099940 0.0028297 -0.0073790 0.0694612 -0.0245186
Eugene city 0.0569202 -0.0647195 0.0006728 -0.0025293 -0.0365916 0.0015371 0.1081902
Gladstone city 0.0477583 -0.0441702 -0.0010939 -0.0018907 -0.0017546 0.0230005 0.0356243
Grants Pass city 0.0133260 -0.0291645 -0.0066572 -0.0001223 -0.0106954 0.0327994 0.0595479
Gresham city 0.1559631 -0.0181710 0.0049981 0.0003788 -0.0354360 0.0109272 -0.0590437
Hermiston city 0.0288144 -0.0836929 0.0108989 -0.0013711 -0.0108996 0.0018595 0.0894422
Hillsboro city 0.0495899 0.0414056 0.0042882 -0.0000232 -0.1169413 0.0138497 0.0612820
Hood River city 0.0106477 -0.0398128 0.0570045 0.0016845 -0.0205420 0.1514733 -0.1173093
Keizer city 0.0331169 -0.0147770 -0.0037847 0.0002610 -0.0113163 0.0571888 -0.0045305
La Grande city 0.0112787 -0.0264811 -0.0042744 0.0000620 -0.0032673 0.0051539 0.0983285
Lake Oswego city 0.0554664 0.0204363 0.0008123 0.0045821 -0.0574355 0.0249205 -0.0052392
Lincoln City city 0.0308455 -0.0222559 0.0019009 -0.0009249 -0.0062827 0.0821195 -0.0262385
Medford city 0.0425625 -0.1014369 -0.0029203 -0.0016793 -0.0173741 0.0053747 0.1366091
Milwaukie city 0.0563064 -0.0580298 0.0032072 0.0033073 -0.0107399 0.0362037 0.0299018
Molalla city 0.0053050 -0.0955633 -0.0044364 0.0020464 -0.0083427 0.0326781 0.1200370
Mount Angel city 0.0257201 0.1174529 -0.0028168 0.0099883 -0.0036014 0.0218676 -0.1297720
Newberg city 0.0324808 0.0265783 -0.0010112 0.0025052 -0.0104763 0.0011268 0.0032122
Dundee city 0.0375316 0.0365456 0.0001313 0.0025146 -0.0045529 0.0005366 -0.0333877
Newport city 0.0164805 -0.0764491 0.0258078 0.0013199 -0.0166029 0.1024149 0.0010766
Ontario city 0.0309899 -0.3590707 0.0015324 -0.0000107 -0.0207552 -0.0006217 0.3851915
Oregon City city 0.0351976 -0.0264617 -0.0018572 0.0022086 -0.0114948 0.0219092 0.0359716
Pendleton city 0.0127693 -0.0594187 0.1483630 -0.0005456 -0.0070844 -0.0011662 -0.0501323
Philomath city 0.0155518 -0.0486866 -0.0009599 -0.0005154 -0.0124471 0.0274526 0.0778616
Phoenix city 0.0044905 -0.0973220 -0.0025737 0.0004770 -0.0136342 0.0082897 0.1493908
Portland city 0.1775479 -0.0081562 0.0096021 0.0019667 -0.0574304 0.0022551 -0.0631213
Reedsport city 0.0137314 -0.0354702 0.0140279 0.0071283 -0.0064590 0.0560641 -0.0006308
Roseburg city 0.0121818 -0.0406508 -0.0058161 -0.0005494 -0.0156044 -0.0005893 0.1070369
Salem city 0.0528040 -0.0515928 -0.0010441 0.0045233 -0.0223391 0.0205018 0.0547593
Seaside city 0.0245657 -0.0687073 -0.0041417 0.0000847 -0.0159526 0.0835231 0.0299470
Sherwood city 0.0481243 -0.0169153 0.0048553 0.0018514 -0.0257099 0.0902980 -0.0496444
Springfield city 0.0465052 -0.0882439 -0.0085353 -0.0036848 -0.0100009 -0.0024426 0.1299046
Stanfield city 0.0075356 -0.0964365 0.0189726 -0.0002673 -0.0021684 0.0020003 0.1197934
Stayton city 0.0086999 -0.0693156 -0.0096718 0.0007800 -0.0077423 0.0379747 0.0978054
Sweet Home city 0.0082515 -0.0337289 -0.0105359 -0.0005883 -0.0052021 0.0084639 0.1008325
Talent city 0.0250350 -0.0875603 -0.0005958 0.0014409 -0.0124695 -0.0044598 0.1274889
The Dalles city 0.0085329 -0.0443685 0.0446626 -0.0003972 -0.0076519 0.0150557 0.0344167
Tigard city 0.0979545 -0.0519784 0.0089440 0.0057124 -0.0634898 0.0500510 0.0124552
Tualatin city 0.0633784 -0.0070094 0.0050006 0.0346845 -0.0238777 0.0468155 -0.0581640
Umatilla city -0.0017284 -0.1003254 -0.0032772 0.0028794 -0.0051668 0.0038039 0.1205883
Warrenton city 0.0049022 -0.0364269 -0.0021937 -0.0030394 -0.0175967 0.0760794 0.0405952
Durham city 0.0857441 -0.0210637 0.0017665 -0.0172110 -0.0191598 0.0106359 0.0385803
West Linn city 0.0489069 0.0133775 0.0085253 0.0103611 -0.0349680 0.0389043 -0.0345732
Winston city 0.0121672 -0.0339838 -0.0040406 0.0003535 -0.0065561 -0.0031432 0.0937977
Woodburn city 0.0104018 0.1609522 -0.0025352 -0.0003854 -0.0060511 0.0044525 -0.1413604

Appendex A2 Maps

Asian arrest bias map. Black arrest bias map. Latino arrest bias map. Native arrest bias map. Other arrest bias map. Pacific arrest bias map. White arrest bias map.

Appendix A3 Arrest Biases Arranged

city asian_diff asian_arrests_percnt asian_percnt
Gladstone city -0.0017546 0.0199531 0.0217077
Stanfield city -0.0021684 0.0022676 0.0044360
La Grande city -0.0032673 0.0078809 0.0111482
Mount Angel city -0.0036014 0.0034602 0.0070616
Dundee city -0.0045529 0.0104450 0.0149980
Umatilla city -0.0051668 0.0010787 0.0062455
Sweet Home city -0.0052021 0.0007299 0.0059320
Woodburn city -0.0060511 0.0051005 0.0111516
Lincoln City city -0.0062827 0.0150451 0.0213279
Reedsport city -0.0064590 0.0040733 0.0105323
Winston city -0.0065561 0.0046593 0.0112154
Pendleton city -0.0070844 0.0045444 0.0116288
Central Point city -0.0072944 0.0093952 0.0166896
Dallas city -0.0073790 0.0041152 0.0114943
The Dalles city -0.0076519 0.0056263 0.0132782
Stayton city -0.0077423 0.0022272 0.0099694
Molalla city -0.0083427 0.0014903 0.0098330
Springfield city -0.0100009 0.0053961 0.0153970
Albany city -0.0104086 0.0086929 0.0191015
Newberg city -0.0104763 0.0104450 0.0209214
Astoria city -0.0105394 0.0053860 0.0159254
Grants Pass city -0.0106954 0.0032581 0.0139535
Milwaukie city -0.0107399 0.0161290 0.0268689
Hermiston city -0.0108996 0.0052950 0.0161946
Keizer city -0.0113163 0.0102115 0.0215278
Oregon City city -0.0114948 0.0113147 0.0228095
Canby city -0.0120996 0.0025619 0.0146615
Philomath city -0.0124471 0.0070522 0.0194993
Talent city -0.0124695 0.0027933 0.0152628
Phoenix city -0.0136342 0.0021053 0.0157395
Cornelius city -0.0150479 0.0050548 0.0201027
Coos Bay city -0.0152193 0.0012694 0.0164886
Ashland city -0.0152863 0.0072046 0.0224909
Roseburg city -0.0156044 0.0010825 0.0166868
Seaside city -0.0159526 0.0016367 0.0175892
Newport city -0.0166029 0.0036352 0.0202381
Medford city -0.0173741 0.0039302 0.0213044
Warrenton city -0.0175967 0.0021482 0.0197450
Durham city -0.0191598 0.0247459 0.0439056
Hood River city -0.0205420 0.0027027 0.0232447
Ontario city -0.0207552 0.0005841 0.0213393
Salem city -0.0223391 0.0101063 0.0324454
Tualatin city -0.0238777 0.0200970 0.0439748
Sherwood city -0.0257099 0.0236439 0.0493539
West Linn city -0.0349680 0.0172084 0.0521764
Gresham city -0.0354360 0.0243394 0.0597754
Eugene city -0.0365916 0.0057553 0.0423470
Portland city -0.0574304 0.0238033 0.0812337
Lake Oswego city -0.0574355 0.0203106 0.0777462
Tigard city -0.0634898 0.0277895 0.0912792
Corvallis city -0.0882549 0.0111235 0.0993784
Beaverton city -0.1029544 0.0189386 0.1218930
Hillsboro city -0.1169413 0.0165104 0.1334518
city black_diff black_arrests_percnt black_percnt
Portland city 0.1775479 0.2297201 0.0521722
Gresham city 0.1559631 0.2016690 0.0457059
Tigard city 0.0979545 0.1153684 0.0174139
Beaverton city 0.0890202 0.1155560 0.0265358
Durham city 0.0857441 0.1021268 0.0163827
Tualatin city 0.0633784 0.0748441 0.0114657
Eugene city 0.0569202 0.0733892 0.0164690
Milwaukie city 0.0563064 0.0705645 0.0142581
Lake Oswego city 0.0554664 0.0633214 0.0078550
Salem city 0.0528040 0.0687375 0.0159335
Hillsboro city 0.0495899 0.0761159 0.0265260
West Linn city 0.0489069 0.0573614 0.0084545
Sherwood city 0.0481243 0.0542420 0.0061177
Gladstone city 0.0477583 0.0563380 0.0085797
Springfield city 0.0465052 0.0569825 0.0104773
Corvallis city 0.0427724 0.0547617 0.0119893
Medford city 0.0425625 0.0516458 0.0090833
Dundee city 0.0375316 0.0399637 0.0024321
Canby city 0.0363275 0.0401366 0.0038091
Cornelius city 0.0359101 0.0446504 0.0087403
Oregon City city 0.0351976 0.0452586 0.0100610
Keizer city 0.0331169 0.0415755 0.0084586
Newberg city 0.0324808 0.0399637 0.0074828
Ontario city 0.0309899 0.0403037 0.0093138
Lincoln City city 0.0308455 0.0371113 0.0062658
Hermiston city 0.0288144 0.0351740 0.0063595
Ashland city 0.0272064 0.0384246 0.0112182
Mount Angel city 0.0257201 0.0276817 0.0019616
Talent city 0.0250350 0.0279330 0.0028980
Seaside city 0.0245657 0.0381888 0.0136230
Astoria city 0.0236614 0.0293238 0.0056624
Dallas city 0.0232704 0.0267490 0.0034785
Albany city 0.0219080 0.0292897 0.0073817
Central Point city 0.0218978 0.0275984 0.0057005
Newport city 0.0164805 0.0214805 0.0050000
Philomath city 0.0155518 0.0239774 0.0084256
Reedsport city 0.0137314 0.0162933 0.0025619
Grants Pass city 0.0133260 0.0190831 0.0057570
Pendleton city 0.0127693 0.0306147 0.0178454
Roseburg city 0.0121818 0.0180775 0.0058957
Winston city 0.0121672 0.0151427 0.0029755
La Grande city 0.0112787 0.0201401 0.0088614
Hood River city 0.0106477 0.0135135 0.0028658
Coos Bay city 0.0104328 0.0152323 0.0047995
Woodburn city 0.0104018 0.0141014 0.0036996
Stayton city 0.0086999 0.0133630 0.0046631
The Dalles city 0.0085329 0.0136216 0.0050887
Sweet Home city 0.0082515 0.0116788 0.0034274
Stanfield city 0.0075356 0.0113379 0.0038023
Molalla city 0.0053050 0.0089419 0.0036369
Warrenton city 0.0049022 0.0112782 0.0063760
Phoenix city 0.0044905 0.0126316 0.0081411
Umatilla city -0.0017284 0.0312837 0.0330121
city latino_diff latino_arrests_percnt latino_percnt
Woodburn city 0.1609522 0.7071707 0.5462185
Mount Angel city 0.1174529 0.3771626 0.2597097
Hillsboro city 0.0414056 0.2466769 0.2052714
Dundee city 0.0365456 0.1553134 0.1187677
Beaverton city 0.0289533 0.1824995 0.1535462
Newberg city 0.0265783 0.1553134 0.1287350
Lake Oswego city 0.0204363 0.0657109 0.0452746
West Linn city 0.0133775 0.0592734 0.0458959
Dallas city -0.0051216 0.0565844 0.0617060
Tualatin city -0.0070094 0.1496881 0.1566975
Portland city -0.0081562 0.0879392 0.0960954
Keizer city -0.0147770 0.1655726 0.1803496
Sherwood city -0.0169153 0.0709318 0.0878471
Canby city -0.0171796 0.1596926 0.1768722
Gresham city -0.0181710 0.1569309 0.1751019
Astoria city -0.0181890 0.0640335 0.0822225
Corvallis city -0.0200813 0.0675965 0.0876778
Durham city -0.0210637 0.1414526 0.1625164
Lincoln City city -0.0222559 0.0752257 0.0974816
Oregon City city -0.0264617 0.0490302 0.0754919
La Grande city -0.0264811 0.0280210 0.0545021
Grants Pass city -0.0291645 0.0530603 0.0822248
Sweet Home city -0.0337289 0.0124088 0.0461376
Winston city -0.0339838 0.0133955 0.0473793
Reedsport city -0.0354702 0.0183299 0.0538002
Warrenton city -0.0364269 0.0332975 0.0697244
Hood River city -0.0398128 0.1627027 0.2025155
Roseburg city -0.0406508 0.0187270 0.0593778
Gladstone city -0.0441702 0.0387324 0.0829026
The Dalles city -0.0443685 0.1385845 0.1829530
Coos Bay city -0.0466396 0.0258949 0.0725344
Ashland city -0.0468150 0.0177714 0.0645864
Albany city -0.0479248 0.0671157 0.1150404
Philomath city -0.0486866 0.0324401 0.0811266
Salem city -0.0515928 0.1426767 0.1942695
Tigard city -0.0519784 0.0644211 0.1163994
Milwaukie city -0.0580298 0.0141129 0.0721427
Pendleton city -0.0594187 0.0420952 0.1015139
Central Point city -0.0634285 0.0293600 0.0927885
Eugene city -0.0647195 0.0261545 0.0908740
Seaside city -0.0687073 0.0485543 0.1172616
Stayton city -0.0693156 0.0757238 0.1450394
Newport city -0.0764491 0.0710509 0.1475000
Hermiston city -0.0836929 0.3010590 0.3847519
Talent city -0.0875603 0.0474860 0.1350464
Springfield city -0.0882439 0.0302180 0.1184620
Molalla city -0.0955633 0.0357675 0.1313308
Stanfield city -0.0964365 0.2267574 0.3231939
Phoenix city -0.0973220 0.0315789 0.1289009
Umatilla city -0.1003254 0.3042071 0.4045325
Medford city -0.1014369 0.0385655 0.1400024
Cornelius city -0.1252862 0.3782645 0.5035507
Ontario city -0.3590707 0.0081776 0.3672483
city native_diff native_arrests_percnt native_percnt
Pendleton city 0.1483630 0.1836881 0.0353251
Hood River city 0.0570045 0.0616216 0.0046171
The Dalles city 0.0446626 0.0550785 0.0104158
Newport city 0.0258078 0.0386649 0.0128571
Stanfield city 0.0189726 0.0272109 0.0082383
Reedsport city 0.0140279 0.0234216 0.0093937
Hermiston city 0.0108989 0.0177761 0.0068772
Portland city 0.0096021 0.0162369 0.0066348
Tigard city 0.0089440 0.0122105 0.0032665
West Linn city 0.0085253 0.0114723 0.0029470
Tualatin city 0.0050006 0.0083160 0.0033154
Gresham city 0.0049981 0.0129810 0.0079829
Sherwood city 0.0048553 0.0097357 0.0048804
Hillsboro city 0.0042882 0.0086750 0.0043868
Beaverton city 0.0040674 0.0076970 0.0036296
Milwaukie city 0.0032072 0.0100806 0.0068734
Corvallis city 0.0024083 0.0069308 0.0045224
Cornelius city 0.0020102 0.0075821 0.0055719
Lincoln City city 0.0019009 0.0240722 0.0221713
Durham city 0.0017665 0.0063537 0.0045872
Ontario city 0.0015324 0.0128505 0.0113181
Lake Oswego city 0.0008123 0.0023895 0.0015772
Eugene city 0.0006728 0.0081052 0.0074324
Dundee city 0.0001313 0.0049955 0.0048642
Talent city -0.0005958 0.0055866 0.0061824
Philomath city -0.0009599 0.0098731 0.0108329
Newberg city -0.0010112 0.0049955 0.0060066
Salem city -0.0010441 0.0092145 0.0102586
Gladstone city -0.0010939 0.0046948 0.0057887
Oregon City city -0.0018572 0.0043103 0.0061675
Warrenton city -0.0021937 0.0064447 0.0086384
Woodburn city -0.0025352 0.0009001 0.0034353
Phoenix city -0.0025737 0.0042105 0.0067843
Mount Angel city -0.0028168 0.0034602 0.0062770
Medford city -0.0029203 0.0050970 0.0080173
Umatilla city -0.0032772 0.0151025 0.0183797
Ashland city -0.0035888 0.0024015 0.0059903
Keizer city -0.0037847 0.0065646 0.0103493
Coos Bay city -0.0038633 0.0137091 0.0175724
Winston city -0.0040406 0.0110658 0.0151064
Seaside city -0.0041417 0.0032733 0.0074151
La Grande city -0.0042744 0.0052539 0.0095283
Molalla city -0.0044364 0.0014903 0.0059267
Canby city -0.0045363 0.0008540 0.0053903
Central Point city -0.0047254 0.0023488 0.0070742
Albany city -0.0057834 0.0032109 0.0089943
Roseburg city -0.0058161 0.0086599 0.0144760
Grants Pass city -0.0066572 0.0034908 0.0101480
Astoria city -0.0074060 0.0017953 0.0092014
Springfield city -0.0085353 0.0023743 0.0109096
Stayton city -0.0096718 0.0022272 0.0118990
Dallas city -0.0099940 0.0082305 0.0182244
Sweet Home city -0.0105359 0.0014599 0.0119958
city other_diff other_arrests_percnt other_percnt
Hood River city 0.1514733 0.1551351 0.0036618
Newport city 0.1024149 0.1087244 0.0063095
Sherwood city 0.0902980 0.0931850 0.0028870
Seaside city 0.0835231 0.0878342 0.0043111
Lincoln City city 0.0821195 0.0882648 0.0061453
Warrenton city 0.0760794 0.0816327 0.0055533
Dallas city 0.0694612 0.0740741 0.0046128
Keizer city 0.0571888 0.0619985 0.0048098
Reedsport city 0.0560641 0.0651731 0.0091090
Tigard city 0.0500510 0.0551579 0.0051069
Tualatin city 0.0468155 0.0512821 0.0044665
West Linn city 0.0389043 0.0439771 0.0050727
Stayton city 0.0379747 0.0423163 0.0043415
Milwaukie city 0.0362037 0.0423387 0.0061350
Grants Pass city 0.0327994 0.0381662 0.0053667
Molalla city 0.0326781 0.0372578 0.0045797
Canby city 0.0297832 0.0333049 0.0035216
Philomath city 0.0274526 0.0296192 0.0021666
Beaverton city 0.0267245 0.0315981 0.0048737
Lake Oswego city 0.0249205 0.0298686 0.0049480
Gladstone city 0.0230005 0.0281690 0.0051685
Oregon City city 0.0219092 0.0269397 0.0050305
Mount Angel city 0.0218676 0.0242215 0.0023539
Salem city 0.0205018 0.0249684 0.0044666
Astoria city 0.0163879 0.0239378 0.0075498
The Dalles city 0.0150557 0.0189517 0.0038960
Central Point city 0.0144257 0.0182032 0.0037775
Hillsboro city 0.0138497 0.0188890 0.0050393
Corvallis city 0.0120713 0.0178831 0.0058118
Cornelius city 0.0114812 0.0143218 0.0028406
Gresham city 0.0109272 0.0152990 0.0043719
Durham city 0.0106359 0.0204655 0.0098296
Sweet Home city 0.0084639 0.0138686 0.0054047
Phoenix city 0.0082897 0.0126316 0.0043419
Medford city 0.0053747 0.0101941 0.0048194
La Grande city 0.0051539 0.0096322 0.0044783
Albany city 0.0046077 0.0092411 0.0046334
Woodburn city 0.0044525 0.0072007 0.0027483
Umatilla city 0.0038039 0.0075512 0.0037473
Ashland city 0.0034937 0.0182517 0.0147579
Portland city 0.0022551 0.0083458 0.0060906
Stanfield city 0.0020003 0.0045351 0.0025349
Hermiston city 0.0018595 0.0037821 0.0019227
Eugene city 0.0015371 0.0077646 0.0062275
Coos Bay city 0.0014391 0.0050774 0.0036383
Newberg city 0.0011268 0.0049955 0.0038687
Dundee city 0.0005366 0.0049955 0.0044589
Roseburg city -0.0005893 0.0034640 0.0040533
Ontario city -0.0006217 0.0035047 0.0041264
Pendleton city -0.0011662 0.0035877 0.0047539
Springfield city -0.0024426 0.0025182 0.0049608
Winston city -0.0031432 0.0034945 0.0066377
Talent city -0.0044598 0.0055866 0.0100464
city pacific_diff pacific_arrests_percnt pacific_percnt
Tualatin city 0.0346845 0.0450450 0.0103605
West Linn city 0.0103611 0.0114723 0.0011112
Mount Angel city 0.0099883 0.0103806 0.0003923
Reedsport city 0.0071283 0.0071283 0.0000000
Tigard city 0.0057124 0.0143158 0.0086034
Lake Oswego city 0.0045821 0.0059737 0.0013916
Salem city 0.0045233 0.0153823 0.0108591
Milwaukie city 0.0033073 0.0070565 0.0037491
Umatilla city 0.0028794 0.0032362 0.0003569
Dallas city 0.0028297 0.0041152 0.0012855
Dundee city 0.0025146 0.0045413 0.0020268
Newberg city 0.0025052 0.0045413 0.0020361
Oregon City city 0.0022086 0.0043103 0.0021018
Beaverton city 0.0021812 0.0067855 0.0046043
Molalla city 0.0020464 0.0044709 0.0024246
Portland city 0.0019667 0.0068845 0.0049177
Sherwood city 0.0018514 0.0055633 0.0037119
Hood River city 0.0016845 0.0021622 0.0004776
Talent city 0.0014409 0.0027933 0.0013524
Newport city 0.0013199 0.0042961 0.0029762
Stayton city 0.0007800 0.0022272 0.0014472
Phoenix city 0.0004770 0.0021053 0.0016282
Ashland city 0.0004215 0.0033622 0.0029407
Gresham city 0.0003788 0.0097357 0.0093569
Winston city 0.0003535 0.0005824 0.0002289
Canby city 0.0003424 0.0017079 0.0013655
Cornelius city 0.0002792 0.0042123 0.0039331
Keizer city 0.0002610 0.0087527 0.0084917
Seaside city 0.0000847 0.0016367 0.0015520
La Grande city 0.0000620 0.0306480 0.0305860
Ontario city -0.0000107 0.0011682 0.0011790
Hillsboro city -0.0000232 0.0046173 0.0046405
Grants Pass city -0.0001223 0.0018618 0.0019841
Stanfield city -0.0002673 0.0022676 0.0025349
Woodburn city -0.0003854 0.0012001 0.0015855
The Dalles city -0.0003972 0.0085875 0.0089847
Philomath city -0.0005154 0.0014104 0.0019259
Pendleton city -0.0005456 0.0004784 0.0010239
Roseburg city -0.0005494 0.0010825 0.0016318
Astoria city -0.0005554 0.0023938 0.0029492
Sweet Home city -0.0005883 0.0007299 0.0013182
Central Point city -0.0007728 0.0029360 0.0037088
Coos Bay city -0.0008332 0.0020310 0.0028642
Lincoln City city -0.0009249 0.0010030 0.0019279
Hermiston city -0.0013711 0.0015129 0.0028840
Corvallis city -0.0014403 0.0021391 0.0035795
Medford city -0.0016793 0.0035004 0.0051797
Gladstone city -0.0018907 0.0023474 0.0042382
Albany city -0.0023034 0.0006265 0.0029300
Eugene city -0.0025293 0.0003746 0.0029039
Warrenton city -0.0030394 0.0010741 0.0041135
Springfield city -0.0036848 0.0001439 0.0038287
Durham city -0.0172110 0.0044141 0.0216252

Appendix A4 Data Distributions

Appendix B

source code available at https://github.com/russl-corey/Oregon_Crime

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.